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Liver disease is a major cause of death in people with HIV, even with controlled infections. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can impact liver health, sometimes beneficially, by influencing risk factors and fibrosis.

Keywords:
Antiretroviral treatmentChemical and drug-induced liver diseaseHIVLiver disease

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • HIV Medicine

Background:

  • Liver-related diseases contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWHIV).
  • Liver damage accounts for 13-18% of all-cause mortality in HIV-infected patients, independent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  • PLWHIV face increased risk of liver pathologies due to common factors (alcoholism, NAFLD, viral hepatitis, aging) and HIV-specific issues (ART toxicity, HIV-related liver damage).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the primary risk factors for liver disease in PLWHIV.
  • To examine the role of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in managing liver disease among PLWHIV.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on liver disease in PLWHIV.
  • Analysis of risk factors including co-infections, lifestyle, aging, and ART.
  • Evaluation of ART's impact on liver fibrosis and disease progression.

Main Results:

  • Common and HIV-specific factors contribute to elevated liver disease risk in PLWHIV.
  • Certain antiretroviral drugs demonstrate potential benefits in reversing liver fibrosis.
  • ART's overall effect on liver health in PLWHIV is complex, involving both risks and therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding multifaceted risk factors is crucial for managing liver disease in PLWHIV.
  • ART plays a critical role in liver disease management, with potential for fibrosis reversal.
  • Further research is needed to optimize ART strategies for liver health in PLWHIV.