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Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Problem-Solving01:29

Problem-Solving

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Effective problem-solving consists of two steps: 1. identifying the problem and 2. selecting the appropriate problem-solving strategy (i.e., a plan of action used to find a solution). Humans use four problem-solving strategies:
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Theorems of Pappus and Guldinus: Problem Solving01:12

Theorems of Pappus and Guldinus: Problem Solving

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Pappus and Guldinus's theorems are powerful mathematical principles that are used for finding the surface area and volume of composite shapes. For example, consider a cylindrical storage tank with a conical top. Finding the surface area or volume can be challenging for such complex shapes. These theorems are particularly useful in calculating the volume and surface area of such systems. Here, the cylindrical storage tank with a conical top can be broken down into two simple shapes: a...
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Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development

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During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA
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The role of working memory updating, inhibition, fluid intelligence, and reading comprehension in explaining

Maria Chiara Passolunghi1, Gonzalo Duque De Blas2, Barbara Carretti3

  • 1Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
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PubMed
Summary

Children

Keywords:
Fluid intelligenceInconsistent problemsInhibitionReading comprehensionUpdatingWord problem solvingWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Children's arithmetic word problem (AWP) solving skills are crucial for academic and future success.
  • Understanding AWP difficulties is vital for theoretical, educational, and social reasons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between primary school children's AWP performance and their core cognitive abilities.
  • To examine how reading comprehension, fluid intelligence, inhibition, and updating processes influence AWP accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • 182 fourth- and fifth-graders completed an AWP task and cognitive assessments.
  • AWP task included comparison problems with 'more than'/'less than' requiring consistent or inconsistent operations.
  • Cognitive tasks assessed fluid intelligence, reading comprehension, inhibition, and updating.

Main Results:

  • Consistent AWPs were easier than inconsistent AWPs.
  • Solving inconsistent AWPs correlated with inhibition and updating efficiency.
  • Reading comprehension was the strongest predictor of AWP accuracy.
  • Executive functions (updating, inhibition) and fluid intelligence significantly impacted AWP performance.

Conclusions:

  • Domain-general cognitive factors, particularly reading comprehension and executive functions, are key predictors of children's AWP success.
  • The consistency effect in AWPs is linked to updating processes.
  • Interventions targeting these cognitive skills may improve AWP problem-solving abilities.