Application of acidic deep eutectic solvents in green extraction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

The extraction of the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), as building block for many applications, from aqueous solutions has been became an indispensable challenge. Consequently, this study investigated the extraction ability of acidic deep eutectic solvent-based aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and lactic acid, oxalic acid and citric acid as hydrogen bond donor (HBD), countering polypropylene glycol 400 at T = 298.15 K. Two semi-empirical Zafarani-Moattar et al. and Merchuk equations were used to fit the measured binodal data. Further, the NRTL and UNIQUAC models were used for correlating of tie-line data. The consistency of the experimental tie-line data was determined by utilizing the Bachman-Brown and Hand correlations. Also, the performance of these ATPSs to partitioning of 5-HMF, were investigated by calculation of extraction efficiencies, EE% and partition coefficients, K. This strategy indicates DES-based ATPSs have the acceptable extraction efficiency of the 5-HMF in a single-step extraction. A greenness assessment tool, Analytical GREEnness metric (AGREE), was tested to evaluate of greenness of analytical protocol.