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How Does Lower-Body and Upper-Body Strength Relate to Maximum Split Jerk Performance?

Marcos A Soriano1, Ester Jiménez-Ormeño1, Francisco J Amaro-Gahete1,2,3

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Maximum lower-body and upper-body strength are strong predictors of split jerk performance in weightlifters. These findings allow for accurate prediction of split jerk success based on overhead press and back squat strength.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Strength and Conditioning
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Understanding the relationship between foundational strength measures and Olympic lift performance is crucial for effective training program design.
  • The split jerk (SJ) is a complex lift requiring significant upper and lower body power.
  • Previous research has explored various factors influencing SJ performance, but specific correlations with dynamic upper and lower body strength remain key areas of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the relationship between one repetition maximum (1RM) performances in the overhead press (upper body) and back squat (lower body) and maximum SJ performance.
  • To determine if these relationships differ between male and female weightlifters.
  • To develop sex-specific prediction equations for SJ performance based on upper and lower body strength assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty trained male and thirteen trained female competitive weightlifters participated in the study.
  • One repetition maximum (1RM) tests were conducted for the overhead press, back squat, and split jerk.
  • Statistical analyses, including correlation coefficients and coefficients of determination, were used to assess the relationships and predictive accuracy.

Main Results:

  • A very strong positive correlation (r = 0.97, p < 0.001) was observed between back squat and overhead press 1RM performances and maximum SJ performance across all participants.
  • Similar very strong correlations were found independently for men (r = 0.90) and women (r = 0.90).
  • The prediction equations demonstrated high accuracy, with coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.94 for all subjects, 0.83 for men, and 0.81 for women.

Conclusions:

  • Maximum dynamic strength in both the lower body (back squat) and upper body (overhead press) are critical determinants of split jerk performance.
  • The findings support the use of back squat and overhead press 1RM performances for accurately predicting an individual's maximum split jerk capability.
  • The established sex-specific prediction equations can aid coaches and athletes in tailoring training interventions to optimize SJ performance.