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Excimer Laser Patterned Holey Graphene Oxide Films for Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Sensing
Pratik Joshi1,2, Shubhangi Shukla3, Siddharth Gupta2
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|August 5, 2022
Summary
Defects in reduced graphene oxide enhance catalytic activity for peroxide sensing. Laser annealing optimized defect density, achieving a record 7.15 nM detection limit for highly sensitive graphene sensors.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Electrochemistry
Background:
- Graphene and its derivatives exhibit significant catalytic potential due to intrinsic defects like holes and corrugations.
- Optimizing defect density is crucial for enhancing the performance of graphene-based sensors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically optimize microscopic and macroscopic defect densities in excimer laser-induced reduced graphene oxide.
- To achieve a record low detection limit for peroxide sensing by controlling defect formation.
- To explore the scalability and control of holey graphene synthesis using laser annealing.
Main Methods:
- Excimer laser annealing (LA) with controlled energy density and pulse number.
- Raman spectroscopy for quantitative estimation of point defect densities.
- Electrochemical sensing measurements for performance evaluation.
- Microscopy techniques (SEM, AFM, TEM) for characterizing holey graphene structure.
- Hall-effect measurements for electrical properties.
Main Results:
- Laser annealing at 0.6 J cm-2 produced highly reduced graphene oxide with dangling bonds, enhancing catalytic activity.
- Increased pulse numbers at 0.6 J cm-2 led to deoxygenation and holey graphene formation with controlled hierarchical hole size.
- Achieved a record detection limit of 7.15 nM for peroxide sensing, a significant improvement from 25.4 mM.
- Identified optimal LA parameters for defect density and hole formation, contrasting with less controlled batch furnace methods.
- Demonstrated LA as a scalable technique for producing holey graphene with controlled defect characteristics.
Conclusions:
- Systematic optimization of laser annealing parameters allows precise control over defect density and morphology in reduced graphene oxide.
- The developed method enables the fabrication of high-performance, cost-efficient holey graphene sensors.
- This work provides a pathway for advanced sensing applications leveraging tailored graphene nanostructures.
