Neurogenic Bladder:: Assessment and Operative Management

We present a phenotype-based approach to neurogenic bladder (NGB) by describing prototypical patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), spina bifida (SB), cerebral palsy (CP), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Surgical management is categorized by failure to store and failure to empty, with a focus on catheterizable channels, bladder augmentation, and bladder outlet procedures. Mitigation and management of common complications are reviewed. Specific attention is paid to social support, body habitus, and extremity function, as we believe a holistic approach is necessary for appropriate surgical selection.