Social Isolation of Older Adults With Diabetes

We aimed to conduct a scoping review of social isolation in elderly patients with diabetes and to clarify current knowledge and gaps and future challenges. A literature search was conducted using Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, CiNii, and Ichushi, and included studies with an eligibility criterion of a survey of social isolation in elderly patients with diabetes and aged ≥60 years. Social isolation was defined as limited or non-face-to-face contact with family and community. A data extraction form describing characteristics of studies incorporated in the present review was prepared. A total of six studies met eligibility criterion (sample size, 451-3,500). Subjects' age averaged 67 years, and 42% were female. Social isolation ranged from 9% to 49%. Factors related to social isolation included vascular complications,decreased activities of daily living, death, dementia, glycemic fluctuation, disturbance of lifestyle habits, and poor self-management and -rated health. However, research on the cause and mechanism of the relationship and impact of sex-based differences was lacking. In conclusion, additional research is needed on the definition of social isolation in elderly patients with diabetes, the causal relationship with related factors and their mechanisms, and the relationship with other outcomes.