Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Binding Energy02:13

Nuclear Binding Energy

12.9K
The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons...
12.9K
Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge03:08

Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge

52.3K
The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
52.3K
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

29.8K
The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
29.8K
Types of Radioactivity03:23

Types of Radioactivity

17.3K
The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
17.3K
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

17.9K
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
17.9K
Subatomic Particles03:37

Subatomic Particles

95.2K
Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.
95.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The use of angioembolization in urological emergencies.

Rozhledy v chirurgii : mesicnik Ceskoslovenske chirurgicke spolecnosti·2025
Same author

Refined Topology of the N=20 Island of Inversion with High Precision Mass Measurements of ^{31-33}Na and ^{31-35}Mg.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Magnetic Dipole Transition in ^{48}Ca.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Prophylactic surgical mesh placement as a prevention of parastomal hernia in open radical cystectomy with ileal conduit diversion - pilot study.

Rozhledy v chirurgii : mesicnik Ceskoslovenske chirurgicke spolecnosti·2024
Same author

Erratum: New Perspectives on Spectroscopic Factor Quenching from Reactions [Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 212503 (2023)].

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

New Perspectives on Spectroscopic Factor Quenching from Reactions.

Physical review letters·2023
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

6.9K

Ab Initio Prediction of the ^{4}He(d,γ)^{6}Li Big Bang Radiative Capture.

C Hebborn1,2, G Hupin3, K Kravvaris2

  • 1Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|August 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study predicts the helium-4 and deuterium fusion rate into lithium-6, crucial for Big Bang nucleosynthesis. It incorporates magnetic dipole transitions, reducing uncertainty in primordial lithium-6 abundance calculations.

More Related Videos

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
14:11

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

Published on: March 29, 2016

26.9K
Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
08:51

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Published on: August 18, 2017

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

6.9K
Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
14:11

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

Published on: March 29, 2016

26.9K
Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
08:51

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Published on: August 18, 2017

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Astrophysics
  • Cosmology
  • Quantum Chromodynamics

Background:

  • The primordial abundance of lithium-6 (⁶Li) shows a discrepancy between Big Bang nucleosynthesis predictions and astronomical observations.
  • The ^{4}He(d,γ)⁶Li reaction rate is critical for resolving this discrepancy, but experimental measurements are challenging at Big Bang energies.
  • Accurate theoretical predictions are needed to understand the fusion probability within the Big Bang energy window (30–400 keV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide first-principle predictions of the ^{4}He(d,γ)⁶Li astrophysical S factor.
  • To accurately determine the contributions of electromagnetic transitions to the radiative capture process.
  • To reduce the uncertainty in the thermonuclear capture rate for Big Bang nucleosynthesis calculations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized validated nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon interactions from chiral effective field theory.
  • Employed the ab initio no-core shell model with continuum to describe ^{4}He-d scattering and ^{6}Li bound states.
  • Consistently calculated the contributions of electric and magnetic dipole transitions to the radiative capture.

Main Results:

  • Revealed an enhancement in the ^{4}He(d,γ)⁶Li capture probability below 100 keV due to previously neglected magnetic dipole (M1) transitions.
  • Reduced the uncertainty of the thermonuclear capture rate by an average factor of 7 for temperatures between 0.002 and 2 GK.
  • Provided a more accurate theoretical basis for Big Bang nucleosynthesis calculations of ⁶Li abundance.

Conclusions:

  • The inclusion of M1 transitions significantly impacts the ^{4}He(d,γ)⁶Li reaction rate at astrophysically relevant energies.
  • These first-principle calculations offer a more reliable prediction for the primordial ⁶Li abundance, helping to resolve the observed discrepancy.
  • The study provides crucial data for refining Big Bang nucleosynthesis models and understanding early universe cosmology.