Straight Photonic Nodal Lines with Quadrupole Berry Curvature Distribution and Superimaging "Fermi Arcs"

In periodic systems, nodal lines are loops in the three-dimensional momentum space with each point on them representing a band degeneracy. Nodal lines exhibit rich topological features, as they can take various configurations such as rings, links, chains, and knots. These line nodes are generally protected by mirror or PT symmetry and frequently accompanied by drumhead surface states. Here, we propose and demonstrate a novel type of photonic straight nodal lines in a D_{2D} metacrystal, which are protected by an unusual rotoinversion time (roto-PT) symmetry. These nodal lines are located at the central axis and hinges of the Brillouin zone. They appear as quadrupole sources of Berry curvature flux in contrast to the Weyl points, which are monopoles. Interestingly, topological surface states exist at all three cutting surfaces, as guaranteed by π-quantized Zak phases along all three directions. As frequency changes, the surface state equifrequency contours evolve from closed to open and become straight lines at a critical transition frequency, at which diffractionless surface wave propagations are experimentally demonstrated, paving the way toward development of superimaging topological devices.