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Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System
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Faecal incontinence in adults.

Adil E Bharucha1, Charles H Knowles2, Isabelle Mack3

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. bharucha.adil@mayo.edu.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|August 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Faecal incontinence, the unintentional loss of stool, affects up to 7% of adults globally. Early diagnosis and stepwise treatment, from lifestyle changes to surgery, can improve quality of life.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Colorectal Surgery

Background:

  • Faecal incontinence (FI) affects up to 7% of adults worldwide, significantly impairing quality of life.
  • Patient embarrassment often leads to underreporting of this common condition.
  • Key risk factors include bowel disturbances (diarrhea), anal sphincter trauma, rectal urgency, and chronic illnesses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the classification, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies for managing faecal incontinence.
  • To emphasize a stepwise approach to treatment, starting with conservative measures and progressing to more invasive options if needed.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of faecal incontinence by type (urge, passive, combined), aetiology, and severity.
  • Stepwise diagnostic workup including clinical assessment, anorectal manometry, endoanal imaging, and defecography.
  • Implementation of tiered therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Non-surgical options like dietary changes, biofeedback, and pharmacotherapy are effective for mild cases.
  • Advanced diagnostics are employed when initial simple measures fail.
  • Surgical interventions, including sacral neuromodulation, are considered for refractory cases.

Conclusions:

  • Faecal incontinence management requires a systematic approach tailored to individual patient needs.
  • A combination of diagnostic tests and therapeutic options, from conservative to surgical, can effectively manage faecal incontinence.
  • Addressing faecal incontinence can significantly improve patient quality of life.