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Hypertension and Associated Risk Factors among Children with Intellectual Disability: A Cross-Sectional Study

Yan Sun1, Rashmi Supriya1,2, Yang Gao1,2

  • 1Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.

Nutrients
|August 12, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension is prevalent in Chinese children with intellectual disability, affecting 31.4%. Obesity is the primary risk factor, highlighting the need for obesity prevention strategies in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Intellectual disability (ID) is associated with various health challenges.
  • Hypertension (high blood pressure) prevalence and risk factors in children with ID are not well-understood, particularly in Chinese populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hypertension among Chinese children with intellectual disability.
  • To identify associated risk factors for hypertension in this specific pediatric group.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 452 children (aged 6-18) with intellectual disability in Hong Kong.
  • Blood pressure measurement using standard protocols and 2018 Chinese Guidelines for Children criteria.
  • Multivariate and hierarchical logistic regression analyses to identify risk factors.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of hypertension was 31.4% in the studied population.
  • Obesity was significantly associated with a higher risk of hypertension (adjusted OR = 2.77).
  • Paternal education (college or above) and paternal occupation (clerks, sales representatives, workers) were also linked to increased hypertension risk.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertension is highly prevalent in Chinese children with intellectual disability.
  • Obesity is the strongest identified risk factor, suggesting targeted prevention is crucial.
  • Preventing obesity may offer dual benefits for both obesity and hypertension management in children with ID.

Keywords:
childrencross-sectional studyhypertensionintellectual disabilityrisk factor

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