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A role for sulfated polysaccharide recognition in sponge cell aggregation.

D R Coombe, K B Jakobsen, C R Parish

    Experimental Cell Research
    |June 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study explored how sulfated polysaccharides might influence cell interactions in sponges. Researchers examined twelve species and found that each had a unique lectin binding pattern. Surface molecules in three species were shown to bind sulfated compounds, and some inhibited cell reaggregation. An endogenous polysaccharide was isolated from O. tenuis, and it contained uronic acid, hexose, and sulfur. This molecule inhibited cell aggregation and erythrocyte agglutination. Polyvinyl sulfate and dextran sulfate also affected cell behavior, and a 35 kD dextran-sulfate-binding protein was isolated. The study suggests that sulfated polysaccharides may regulate cell adhesion in sponges. The findings support the idea that these molecules are involved in cell interaction events in Porifera.

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    Area of Science:

    • Marine invertebrate cell biology
    • Carbohydrate recognition in developmental biology
    • Cell adhesion mechanisms in Porifera

    Background:

    The role of sulfated polysaccharides in cell interactions remains poorly understood in marine invertebrates. While prior research has shown that sulfated compounds can mediate cell adhesion in some organisms, their function in sponges is unclear. No prior work had resolved whether these molecules act as signals for cell aggregation in Porifera. Existing knowledge suggests that lectins may bind sulfated structures, but the specificity of such interactions in sponges is unknown. This uncertainty drove the current investigation into the molecular mechanisms of sponge cell adhesion. The study aimed to clarify whether sulfated polysaccharides influence sponge cell behavior through surface receptors. Researchers examined multiple sponge species to determine if binding patterns varied between taxa. The lack of a clear mechanism for sulfated polysaccharide recognition in sponges motivated the experimental approach.

    Purpose Of The Study:

    This study aimed to investigate the role of sulfated polysaccharide recognition in sponge cell aggregation. Researchers hypothesized that these molecules might mediate cell interactions in Porifera. To test this, they analyzed lysates from twelve sponge species for lectin activity. The goal was to determine if sulfated polysaccharides influence cell adhesion. The study focused on three species for more detailed analysis of surface binding. Researchers also sought to isolate endogenous sulfated compounds from sponge cells. The purpose was to assess whether these molecules inhibit or promote cell aggregation. The study aimed to clarify the specificity of sulfated polysaccharide recognition in sponges.

    Keywords:
    marine invertebrate cell biologycell adhesion in spongeslectin binding specificitysulfated polysaccharide function

    Frequently Asked Questions

    According to the authors, sulfated polysaccharides may inhibit cell aggregation in sponges.

    The molecule was isolated via ion exchange chromatography from O. tenuis cell extracts.

    The pattern of binding suggested that sulfate group orientation determines specificity.

    It contained uronic acid and hexose in a 2:1 ratio, 11.9% sulfur, and less than 0.5% protein.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Main Methods:

    Cholate lysates were prepared from cells of twelve sponge species to detect lectin activity. Lectin binding to sulfated polysaccharides was analyzed using specific substrates. Researchers observed that each species showed a distinct binding pattern. The orientation of sulfate groups on polysaccharide chains was examined for specificity. Surface expression of sulfated polysaccharide-binding molecules was confirmed in three species. An endogenous polysaccharide was isolated from O. tenuis using ion exchange chromatography. The composition of the isolated molecule was analyzed for uronic acid, hexose, and sulfur content. Researchers tested the inhibitory effects of the polysaccharide on cell aggregation and erythrocyte agglutination.

    Main Results:

    Lectins in cholate lysates from twelve sponge species bound sulfated polysaccharides uniquely. Surface expression of sulfated polysaccharide-binding molecules was confirmed in three species. Inhibitory effects were observed when specific polysaccharides were added to cell suspensions. The isolated O. tenuis polysaccharide contained a 2:1 ratio of uronic acid to hexose. It had 11.9% sulfur and less than 0.5% protein by composition. This molecule inhibited cell aggregation and erythrocyte agglutination by O. tenuis lysates. Polyvinyl sulfate and dextran sulfate also inhibited cell aggregation in O. tenuis. A 35 kD dextran-sulfate-binding protein was isolated from O. tenuis cell surfaces.

    Conclusions:

    Sulfated polysaccharides appear to mediate cell interactions in sponges according to the study. The inhibitory effects suggest that these molecules influence cell aggregation. The isolated O. tenuis polysaccharide shares properties with synthetic sulfated compounds. The 35 kD dextran-sulfate-binding protein supports the idea of a shared receptor mechanism. Researchers propose that the isolated polysaccharide may be a monomeric form of an aggregation factor. The study suggests that sulfate group orientation determines lectin specificity in sponges. The findings support a role for sulfated polysaccharide recognition in Porifera. The results align with the hypothesis that these molecules regulate cell adhesion in sponges.

    Polyvinyl sulfate inhibited cell aggregation and was bound by surface molecules on O. tenuis cells.

    The researchers propose it may be the monomeric form of a cell aggregation-enhancing factor.