THE ROLE OF LACTOBACILLI IN THE HUMAN MICROBIOME AND METHODS OF THEIR CULTIVATION AND PRESERVATION

The extremely important role of the microbiome for human life and health has long been known. Many studies around the world are devoted to studying the mechanisms of action and functions of various bacteria that are permanent residents of our body. Connections between the bacteria of our microbiome and all organs and systems of the human body (intestine, brain, nervous and cardiovascular systems) have been identified. However, the effect of bacteria can be positive or negative, which affects the emergence and development of diseases or promotes healing. Genus Lactobacillus is one of the most numerous populations of bacteria in the human body. Moreover, they have a significant positive effect on health. Scientists are actively researching methods of cultivating and using bacteria of this genus in the pharmaceutical and industrial fields. Most probiotics contain lactobacilli strains. Therefore, the study of methods of cultivation and storage of lactobacilli in order to find ways to improve their viability and functionality and, at the same time, the invention of options to protect cell culture from various harmful factors is extremely important. In our review, we considered the importance of the microbiome for human health and the role of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus as its component. Scientific works on studying the mechanisms of influence of lactobacilli on the functional capacity of human organs and systems have been studied. Much of the review is devoted to the study of lactobacilli cultivation methods, the diversity of culture media, and the importance of their components to improve the viability of lactobacilli culture because they are quite demanding and vulnerable. Attention is also paid to the development of methods of storage of grown cultures of bacterial cells and their improvement in order to obtain functional and suitable for further use in the pharmacological and industrial areas of bacterial strains.