Hexachlorobenzene in hazardous waste sites

Area of Science:

• Environmental Chemistry
• Toxicology
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a persistent organic pollutant.
• HCB contamination has been detected at multiple uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
• Sources include industrial by-products, waste processing, incineration, and pesticide manufacturing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To document the presence and concentrations of Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) at hazardous waste sites.
• To identify potential exposure routes for HCB.
• To understand the widespread occurrence of HCB in the environment.

Main Methods:

• Environmental sampling of water, soil, air, and biota.
• Chemical analysis to quantify HCB concentrations.
• Site investigation of hazardous waste disposal activities.

Main Results:

• HCB detected in water, soil, air, and aquatic organisms (fish).
• Extremely high concentrations (up to 9,500,000 ppb) found in oily fractions and sediments.
• Significant levels (up to 28 ppb in water, 50 ppb in fish) detected in surrounding environments.

Conclusions:

• HCB contamination is widespread at hazardous waste sites.
• Multiple exposure pathways exist, including ingestion and inhalation.
• The diverse sources suggest HCB is a common contaminant requiring remediation under Superfund.