Determination of alcohols in pharmaceuticals by ion-exclusion chromatography
Abstract:
Alcohols present in pharmaceutical intravenous solutions (e.g. propylene glycol and ethanol) are separated from each other and common matrix components by an ion-exclusion column with a dilute sulfuric acid mobile phase. Using refractive index detection, the assay is characterized by an absolute detection limit of 1 ng and a linear dynamic range for both area and height which spans three orders of magnitude. Chromatographic ruggedness is sufficiently high so that strict system suitability criteria can be met even after 600 injections have been made. Long-term detector stability is enhanced through the use of a flowing reference cell.
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Preparation of Alcohols via Substitution Reactions
Alcohols can be synthesized from alkyl halides via nucleophilic substitution reactions. The highly polar carbon-halogen bond in the substrate makes halide a good leaving group. The hydroxide ion or water can act as a nucleophile to take the place of halide and form an alcohol. The substitution reactions occur via two different reaction pathways, SN1 or SN2, depending on the nature of carbon attached to the halide.
Primary alcohols are synthesized from primary alkyl halides, and the...
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