Predictive markers in chronic kidney disease

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Cardiology
• Biomarker Discovery

Background:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, especially as kidney function declines.
• Early identification of individuals at high risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and CVD is critical for timely intervention.
• Current indicators for CKD progression lack the sensitivity and non-invasive nature required for effective clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review promising biomarkers identified in the last decade for predicting CKD progression.
• To assess the potential of these novel markers in identifying high-risk individuals for early therapeutic strategies.
• To explore the utility of these markers as non-invasive indicators of tissue damage and disease advancement.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies published in the last ten years.
• Focus on biomarkers associated with kidney damage and CKD progression.
• Analysis of potential non-invasive detection methods for identified markers.

Main Results:

• Several biomarkers show potential for predicting CKD progression, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (u-LFABP), cystatin-C, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), endotrophin, methylglyoxal, sclerostin, uric acid, and miRNA-196a.
• These markers represent various aspects of kidney damage and disease pathways.
• The review synthesizes current research on their predictive capabilities.

Conclusions:

• Novel biomarkers offer potential for earlier and more accurate prediction of CKD progression and associated CVD risk.
• Further research is essential to validate these markers in clinical settings and establish their role as surrogate endpoints.
• Exploration of non-invasive detection methods is key to their clinical translation for improved patient management.