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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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Predictive markers in chronic kidney disease.

G Priyadarshini1, Medha Rajappa1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|August 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Identifying new biomarkers is crucial for predicting chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This review highlights recent markers for early detection and intervention in CKD patients.

Keywords:
ADMACKD progressionEndotrophinKIM-1L-FABPNGAL

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, especially as kidney function declines.
  • Early identification of individuals at high risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and CVD is critical for timely intervention.
  • Current indicators for CKD progression lack the sensitivity and non-invasive nature required for effective clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review promising biomarkers identified in the last decade for predicting CKD progression.
  • To assess the potential of these novel markers in identifying high-risk individuals for early therapeutic strategies.
  • To explore the utility of these markers as non-invasive indicators of tissue damage and disease advancement.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies published in the last ten years.
  • Focus on biomarkers associated with kidney damage and CKD progression.
  • Analysis of potential non-invasive detection methods for identified markers.

Main Results:

  • Several biomarkers show potential for predicting CKD progression, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (u-LFABP), cystatin-C, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), endotrophin, methylglyoxal, sclerostin, uric acid, and miRNA-196a.
  • These markers represent various aspects of kidney damage and disease pathways.
  • The review synthesizes current research on their predictive capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Novel biomarkers offer potential for earlier and more accurate prediction of CKD progression and associated CVD risk.
  • Further research is essential to validate these markers in clinical settings and establish their role as surrogate endpoints.
  • Exploration of non-invasive detection methods is key to their clinical translation for improved patient management.