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Updated: Aug 31, 2025

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
Published on: May 27, 2022
CARDIOSIM©: The First Italian Software Platform for Simulation of the Cardiovascular System and Mechanical
Beatrice De Lazzari1, Roberto Badagliacca2, Domenico Filomena2
1Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, "Foro Italico" 4th University of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy.
Abstract:
This review is devoted to presenting the history of the CARDIOSIM© software simulator platform, which was developed in Italy to simulate the human cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The first version of CARDIOSIM© was developed at the Institute of Biomedical Technologies of the National Research Council in Rome. The first platform version published in 1991 ran on a PC with a disk operating system (MS-DOS) and was developed using the Turbo Basic language. The latest version runs on PC with Microsoft Windows 10 operating system; it is implemented in Visual Basic and C++ languages. The platform has a modular structure consisting of seven different general sections, which can be assembled to reproduce the most important pathophysiological conditions. One or more zero-dimensional (0-D) modules have been implemented in the platform for each section. The different modules can be assembled to reproduce part or the whole circulation according to Starling's law of the heart. Different mechanical ventilatory and circulatory devices have been implemented in the platform, including thoracic artificial lungs, ECMO, IABPs, pulsatile and continuous right and left ventricular assist devices, biventricular pacemakers and biventricular assist devices. CARDIOSIM© is used in clinical and educational environments.
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