Functional Properties and Extraction Techniques of Chicken Egg White Proteins

Chicken egg whites contain hundreds of proteins, and are widely used in the food, biological and pharmaceutical industries. It is highly significant to study the separation and purification of egg white proteins. This review first describes the structures and functional properties of several major active proteins in egg whites, including ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, ovomucoid, lysozyme, ovomucin, ovomacroglobulin and avidin. Then, the common techniques (including precipitation, chromatography and membrane separation) and some novel approaches (including electrophoresis, membrane chromatography, aqueous two-phase system and molecular imprinting technology) for the separation and purification of egg white proteins broadly reported in the current research are introduced. In addition, several co-purification methods for simultaneous separation of multiple proteins from egg whites have been developed to improve raw material utilization and reduce costs. In this paper, the reported techniques in the last decade for the separation and purification of chicken egg white proteins are reviewed, discussed and prospected, aiming to provide a reference for further research on egg proteins in the future.