Flexible, Multifunctional Micro-Sensor Applied to Internal Measurement and Diagnosis of Vanadium Flow Battery

The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) system is an emerging energy storage technology with many advantages, such as high efficiency, long life, and high safety. However, during the power-generation process, if local high temperature is generated, the rate of ions passing through the membrane will increase. In addition, it will also cause vanadium pentoxide molecules (V₂O₅) to exist in the solid state. Once the solid is formed, it will affect the flow of the vanadium electrolyte, which will eventually cause the temperature of the VRFB to continue to rise. According to the various physical parameters of VRFB shown in the literature, they have a significant impact on the efficiency and life of VRFB. Therefore, this research proposes to develop flexible multifunction (voltage, current, temperature, and flow) micro-sensors using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to meet the need for real-time micro-diagnosis in the VRFB. The device is embedded in the VRFB of real-time microscopic sensing and diagnosis. Its technical advantages are: (1) it can simultaneously locally measure four physical quantities of voltage, current, temperature, and flow; (2) due to its mall size it can be accurately embedded; (3) the high accuracy and sensitivity provides it with a fast response time; and (4) it possesses extreme environment resistance.