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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Axonal Regeneration Through Autologous Grafts: Does the Axonal Load Influence Regeneration?

Jonathan I Leckenby¹, Miranda A Chacon², David Milek²

¹The Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, United Kingdom; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.

The Journal of Surgical Research

|August 29, 2022

Summary

Higher axonal counts in nerve grafts improve outcomes for facial palsy repair. This study found a direct relationship between distal axonal count and ear movement recovery, highlighting the importance of graft quality for functional success.

Keywords:

Autologous nerve graft Axonal regeneration Facial nerve Nerve Nerve regeneration

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Published on: November 25, 2014

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Regenerative Medicine
Microsurgery

Background:

Facial palsy treatment via free functional muscle transfers can have variable outcomes.
Previous research indicates higher native axonal counts improve nerve regeneration, but graft axonal counts require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of varying axonal counts in autologous nerve grafts on functional outcomes in facial palsy repair.
To determine the relationship between graft axonal count and nerve regeneration success.

Main Methods:

Three animal groups were studied: Direct Nerve Repair (DNR), Small Nerve Graft (SNG), and Large Nerve Graft (LNG).
Ear movement recovery (EMR) was monitored as the primary functional outcome.
Axonal counts were measured proximal and distal to grafts, and electron microscopy was used for analysis.

Main Results:

Direct Nerve Repair (DNR) showed a higher Total Success Ratio (TSR) compared to both nerve graft groups.
The Large Nerve Graft (LNG) group had a significantly higher distal axonal count (DAC) than the Small Nerve Graft (SNG) group at later time points.
A direct correlation was observed between distal axonal count (DAC) and ear movement recovery (EMR) across all groups.

Conclusions:

Autologous nerve grafts with higher native axonal counts lead to a greater percentage of regeneration across neurorrhaphies.
Optimizing axonal count in nerve grafts is crucial for improving functional outcomes in facial palsy repair.