An update on viral-induced cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders. CME Part I

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Virology
• Immunology

Background:

• Viral infections can induce uncommon T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
• These lymphomas disproportionately affect Asian and Native American populations.
• The spectrum ranges from benign conditions to aggressive malignancies like extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review viral-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, focusing on specific aggressive lymphomas.
• To discuss pathogenesis, clinicopathologic features, and diagnostic challenges.
• To explore treatment strategies for these aggressive lymphomas.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcers.
• Analysis of pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnostic hurdles.
• Review of current treatment modalities and mutational landscape.

Main Results:

• Viral-induced lymphomas present a diagnostic challenge, particularly in early stages.
• Clinicopathologic manifestations vary, with some entities being highly aggressive.
• Treatment approaches are being refined, considering the mutational landscape.

Conclusions:

• Timely diagnosis and targeted treatment are crucial for managing aggressive viral-associated lymphomas.
• Further research into pathogenesis and novel therapies is warranted.
• Understanding the specific viral triggers and host factors is key to improving outcomes.