Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

147
Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
147
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

1.2K
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
1.2K
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

102
Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
102
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

110
Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
110
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

21
Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
21
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

130
Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
130

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Weight change and long-term cardiovascular outcomes in overweight and obese patients after acute coronary syndromes.

European heart journal open·2026
Same author

Prioritizing Discovery and Advancements in Arrhythmia Therapies: NIH/NHLBI Workshop.

JACC. Clinical electrophysiology·2026
Same author

Does HDL-C matter when predicting risk of cardiovascular disease in older people with type 2 diabetes?

European journal of preventive cardiology·2026
Same author

Safety of low lipoprotein(a) levels: the FOURIER trial.

European heart journal·2026
Same author

The present and the future of risk stratification for and prevention of sudden cardiac death: A Heart Rhythm Society think tank meeting.

Heart rhythm·2026
Same author

Roadmap to Revitalizing Academic Cardiovascular Medicine: A Perspective From the Association of Professors of Cardiology (APC) Emerging Leaders Group.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2026
Same journal

Late Complication in Cardiac Sarcoidosis in a 40-Year-Old Female.

JAMA cardiology·2026
Same journal

Swinging Heart and an Intrapericardial Nodule in a 52-Year-Old Male.

JAMA cardiology·2026
Same journal

PCSK9 Inhibitor Price Reductions and Medicare Part D Utilization and Spending.

JAMA cardiology·2026
Same journal

Prasugrel-The Default P2Y12 Inhibitor After PCI for ACS?

JAMA cardiology·2026
Same journal

Seven-Year Valve Durability With Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: An Ad Hoc Analysis of the PARTNER 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA cardiology·2026
Same journal

Right Ventricular Metrics as End Points in Clinical Trials: A Review.

JAMA cardiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
08:10

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

1.8K

Sex Differences in Atrial Fibrillation Risk: The VITAL Rhythm Study.

Hasan K Siddiqi1, Manickavasagar Vinayagamoorthy2, Baris Gencer3,4

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

JAMA Cardiology
|August 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Women have a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) than men, but this protective association disappears when accounting for body size. This suggests that sex differences in body size explain much of the observed lower AF risk in women, highlighting the need for AF prevention in women.

More Related Videos

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

33.5K
The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
23:33

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

83.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
08:10

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

1.8K
Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

33.5K
The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
23:33

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

83.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Sex Differences in Health

Background:

  • Previous studies indicate lower atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence in women compared to men.
  • It remains unclear if this sex difference is independent of cardiovascular disease (CVD), body size, and other risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in AF incidence.
  • To determine if AF risk factors vary by sex in a contemporary cohort without prevalent CVD.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort analysis within the Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL) Rhythm Study.
  • Included men aged 50+ and women aged 55+ without prior AF, CVD, or cancer.
  • Incident AF was confirmed by medical record review.

Main Results:

  • Over 5.3 years, 900 incident AF events occurred in 25,119 participants.
  • Women had a lower risk of AF (HR, 0.73) after adjusting for traditional risk factors and BMI.
  • However, women had a higher risk of AF (HR, 1.39-1.49) when adjusted for height and/or weight, and body surface area (BSA).

Conclusions:

  • Sex differences in body size appear to account for the apparent protective association of female sex against AF.
  • These findings emphasize the importance of AF prevention strategies tailored for women, considering body size as a key factor.