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Updated: Aug 30, 2025

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Low flow nasal cannula requirement among preterm infants: predictors and description of clinical course

Jaclyn Daigneault1, Megan Horgan1, Heather White1

  • 1Division of Neonatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|August 31, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Preterm infants requiring longer supplemental oxygen (low-flow nasal cannula) had lower gestational age, lower birth weight, more ventilator days, and patent ductus arteriosus. These factors inform oxygen weaning protocols.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant complication in preterm infants.
  • Prolonged supplemental oxygen use is common in this vulnerable population.
  • Identifying risk factors for extended oxygen therapy is crucial for optimizing care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine risk factors associated with prolonged supplemental oxygen use in preterm infants.
  • To inform clinical decision-making for weaning protocols and family counseling.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 172 preterm infants (gestational age < 32 weeks) admitted to the NICU.
  • Data collected from October 2017 to September 2019.
  • Analysis of factors correlating with longer duration of low-flow nasal cannula (LFNC) use.

Main Results:

  • 40.1% of infants required LFNC.
  • Risk factors for longer LFNC duration included lower birth gestational age, lower birth weight, increased ventilator days, and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
  • BPD was diagnosed in 69.6% of infants requiring LFNC, with 47.8% discharged on home oxygen.

Conclusions:

  • Younger gestational age, lower birth weight, increased ventilator days, and PDA are significant risk factors for prolonged LFNC use.
  • These findings can guide targeted interventions and improve management strategies for preterm infants requiring respiratory support.
Abstract

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