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Social Facilitation

Social Facilitation

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

Exploring Individual Differences as Predictors of Performance Change During Dual-N-Back Training.

Per T Ørskov¹, Anne Norup^2,3, Erin L Beatty¹

¹Department of Language and Communication, Faculty of Humanities, University of Southern Denmark, Slagelse, Denmark.

Journal of Cognitive Enhancement : Towards the Integration of Theory and Practice

|September 2, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Individual differences in working memory and intelligence significantly impact training performance and improvement rates. Higher ability individuals show greater gains and are more likely to complete working memory training programs.

Keywords:

Cognitive training Individual differences Intelligence Latent growth curve modeling Magnification account Working memory Working memory training

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Educational Psychology

Background:

Individual differences in working memory training outcomes are substantial.
Understanding these differences can optimize intervention design.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how working memory, intelligence, and other factors influence training performance and progress.
To identify predictors of adherence and differential training gains.

Main Methods:

Latent growth curve modeling applied to 12-week adaptive dual-n-back training data from 217 students.
Analysis of baseline measures including working memory, intelligence, attention, motivation, mindset, well-being, stress, and sleep quality.

Main Results:

Working memory and intelligence predicted both initial performance and rate of improvement.
Sustained attention and sleep quality predicted initial performance only.
Completers outperformed dropouts on baseline working memory, intelligence, stress, and sleep quality.

Conclusions:

The magnification account is supported: higher ability individuals achieve greater performance and improvement.
Baseline cognitive abilities and well-being influence training adherence and outcomes.