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Gastrulation

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging

Author Spotlight: Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging

Published on: September 22, 2023

Spatiotemporal imaging clarifies leaf primordium patterning.

Chunmei Guan¹, Yuling Jiao²

¹State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Trends in Plant Science

|September 2, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Early leaf development involves patterning genes subdividing the primordium. Burian et al. used live imaging and cell-lineage tracing to clarify early adaxial-abaxial (dorsoventral) polarity establishment in leaf primordia.

Keywords:

adaxial–abaxial auxin dorsoventrality leaf prepattern

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Area of Science:

Plant biology
Developmental biology
Genetics

Background:

Organ morphogenesis begins with primordium subdivision.
Patterning genes establish regional differences.
Leaf adaxial-abaxial (dorsoventral) polarity is crucial for leaf development.

Purpose of the Study:

To illuminate early patterning events in leaf primordium adaxial-abaxial polarity.
To clarify existing controversies regarding leaf polarity establishment.

Main Methods:

Live imaging of plant tissues.
Cell-lineage tracing in developing leaves.

Main Results:

Detailed visualization of early adaxial-abaxial polarity establishment.
Identification of key patterning events and gene roles.

Conclusions:

The study clarifies early events in leaf dorsoventral patterning.
Provides a clearer understanding of organogenesis in plants.