Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

5.9K
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
5.9K
Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

1.8K
The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
1.8K
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

8.7K
Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
8.7K
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

469
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
469
Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors01:41

Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors

5.5K
Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...
5.5K
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

4.4K
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
4.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The V-ATPase/ATG16L1 axis drives membrane remodeling during epithelial morphogenesis.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Plasmatic CXCL13 as a biomarker of primary resistance to immunotherapy and impaired peripheral immunity in non-small cell lung cancer.

Biomarker research·2026
Same author

Early pembrolizumab plasma levels as a prognostic biomarker in real-world NSCLC patients.

Pharmacological research·2026
Same author

Cilia SubQ, a modular suite of pipelines for automated analysis of primary cilia and ciliary subdomains.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Tn-seq of Thermus thermophilus Genome Reveals Unexpected Tolerance to Insertions in Bacterial Common Essential Genes.

MicrobiologyOpen·2026
Same author

OptoTAT reveals microtubule acetylation as a rapid trigger for GEF-H1-mediated cell migration.

The Journal of cell biology·2026
Same journal

The exquisite mechanics of a tsetse bite.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Distinct involvements of the subthalamic nucleus subpopulations in reward-biased decision-making in monkeys.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Pink1-mediated mitophagy in the endothelium releases proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA and activates neutrophil responses during inflammation.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Restraint of melanoma progression by cells in the local skin environment.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Brawn before bite in endemic Asian eutherian mammals after the end-Cretaceous extinction.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Experimental evolution to thermal stress indicates climate resilience in a cosmopolitan arthropod.

eLife·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia
08:58

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia

Published on: May 1, 2021

3.6K

Multiple ciliary localization signals control INPP5E ciliary targeting.

Dario Cilleros-Rodriguez1,2,3,4, Raquel Martin-Morales1,2,3,4, Pablo Barbeito1,2,3,4

  • 1Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.

Elife
|September 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The INPP5E protein

Keywords:
INPP5EJoubert syndromebiochemistrycell biologychemical biologyciliaciliopathiesnonephosphatasephosphoinositides

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Planar-Cell-Polarity Phenotypes in Ciliopathy Mouse Mutant Cochlea
07:07

Evaluation of Planar-Cell-Polarity Phenotypes in Ciliopathy Mouse Mutant Cochlea

Published on: February 21, 2016

10.6K
Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
05:35

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

15.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia
08:58

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia

Published on: May 1, 2021

3.6K
Evaluation of Planar-Cell-Polarity Phenotypes in Ciliopathy Mouse Mutant Cochlea
07:07

Evaluation of Planar-Cell-Polarity Phenotypes in Ciliopathy Mouse Mutant Cochlea

Published on: February 21, 2016

10.6K
Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
05:35

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

15.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Primary cilia are essential sensory organelles; their dysfunction leads to ciliopathies.
  • INPP5E, a ciliary enzyme, is frequently mutated in Joubert syndrome, a ciliopathy.
  • Mechanisms of INPP5E localization within cilia are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing INPP5E's ciliary targeting.
  • To identify and characterize the ciliary localization signals (CLSs) of INPP5E.
  • To investigate the impact of Joubert syndrome mutations on INPP5E ciliary localization.

Main Methods:

  • Site-directed mutagenesis to identify and assess the function of CLSs.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation assays to determine protein-protein interactions.
  • Fluorescence microscopy to visualize INPP5E localization in cilia.

Main Results:

  • INPP5E ciliary accumulation depends on its folded catalytic domain and four CLSs: LLxPIR (CLS1), W383 (CLS2), FDRxLYL (CLS3), and CaaX box (CLS4).
  • CLS1-CLS4 exhibit partial redundancy, explaining why CLS4 alone is dispensable, while CLS2 is essential for INPP5E ciliary targeting.
  • Joubert syndrome mutations can disrupt INPP5E ciliary localization, impacting interactions with key ciliary proteins like PDE6D, RPGR, ARL13B, TULP3, CEP164, and ATG16L1.

Conclusions:

  • INPP5E ciliary targeting is a complex process regulated by multiple interacting CLSs.
  • The identified CLSs and their interactions provide novel insights into INPP5E function and ciliopathies.
  • Understanding INPP5E targeting mechanisms is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for Joubert syndrome and related ciliopathies.