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Related Concept Videos

Barriers to Effective Communication II01:21

Barriers to Effective Communication II

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The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
Cultural barriers:
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Semantic barriers:
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Barriers to Effective Communication I01:30

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A communication barrier is any distortion or interruption during a conversation, resulting in miscommunication of the message. A good communicator should know these barriers and continuously check for the listener's understanding by obtaining feedback.
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A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...
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The automobile's ignition system plays a vital role by ensuring the timely ignition of the fuel-air mixture in each cylinder. This ignition is facilitated by a spark plug, which is composed of two electrodes separated by an air gap. A spark forms across this air gap when a substantial voltage is generated between the electrodes, leading to the ignition of the fuel.
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Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
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Electrical engineering plays a pivotal role in our daily lives, with control systems at the heart of many applications, from home appliances to sophisticated space shuttles. Control systems manage and regulate the behavior of devices and processes, ensuring they function safely, correctly, and efficiently.
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In-Vehicle Communication Cyber Security: Challenges and Solutions.

Rajkumar Singh Rathore1, Chaminda Hewage1, Omprakash Kaiwartya2

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff Llandaff Campus, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 9, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study addresses the lack of comprehensive cybersecurity for in-vehicle communication systems. It proposes a multi-layer framework to enhance vehicle network security against evolving cyber risks.

Keywords:
controller area network (CAN)cryptographycyber attackscyber securityin-vehicle networkintrusion detection systemmachine learningsmart intelligent vehicles

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Area of Science:

  • Automotive Engineering
  • Cybersecurity
  • Network Communications

Background:

  • In-vehicle communication is crucial for modern vehicles, supporting sensors and reducing wiring.
  • Current cybersecurity solutions for vehicles are often protocol-specific and lack a holistic framework.
  • Existing approaches fail to adequately address the growing cyber risks in connected vehicles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the literature on cybersecurity for in-vehicle communication systems.
  • To present a comprehensive overview of in-vehicle network architecture, protocols, and security methodologies.
  • To propose a novel, multi-layer secure framework for in-vehicle communication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical analysis of existing cybersecurity solutions.
  • Classification of in-vehicle communication protocols based on characteristics and usage.
  • Development of a protocol and use-case-independent multi-layer security framework.

Main Results:

  • Identified gaps in current cybersecurity approaches for in-vehicle networks.
  • Reviewed machine learning, cryptography, and port-centric security techniques.
  • Proposed a new multi-layer secure framework for enhanced in-vehicle communication security.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant need for dedicated, framework-based cybersecurity solutions for in-vehicle communication.
  • The proposed multi-layer framework offers a promising, adaptable approach to mitigate in-vehicle cyber risks.
  • Further research is recommended to address open challenges and explore future dimensions in automotive cybersecurity.