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HBV-IoT: Hierarchical Blockchain-Based Vehicular IoT Network Model for Secured Traffic Monitoring and Control

Shuchi Priya1, Sushil Kumar1, Anjani1

  • 1School of Computer and Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a hierarchical blockchain for vehicular Internet of Things (IoT) to overcome scalability and security issues in smart transportation systems. The new model enhances data validation and network security for improved traffic management and vehicle services.

Keywords:
cybersecurityedge computinghierarchical blockchainsmart contractstraffic managementvehicular IoT

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Cybersecurity
  • Internet of Things

Background:

  • Existing blockchain architectures for smart vehicles face challenges in consensus scalability, centralized validation, and security against various attacks.
  • Current systems often overload central servers, leading to bottlenecks and incomplete protection against replay, Sybil, and man-in-the-middle attacks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel hierarchical blockchain for vehicular Internet of Things (HBV-IoT) to address limitations in current vehicular blockchain systems.
  • To enhance consensus scalability, reduce reliance on centralized validation, and improve attack coverage in smart transportation networks.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of independent and interaction-based transactions for vehicle data reporting and corroboration.
  • Design of three smart contracts for automated transaction validation, processing, and malicious vehicle identification.
  • Implementation of distributed consensus algorithms and vehicle reputation management for edge-level filtering.

Main Results:

  • The proposed HBV-IoT model demonstrates significant performance improvements over conventional vehicular blockchain approaches.
  • Simulation results show enhanced scalability, security, and efficiency, with performance gains validated by 95% confidence intervals.
  • The model effectively addresses consensus scalability, centralized validation bottlenecks, and various cyber threats.

Conclusions:

  • The hierarchical blockchain for vehicular IoT offers a robust solution for secure and scalable smart transportation.
  • The HBV-IoT model supports practical applications like real-time traffic monitoring, automated e-challan issuance, and intelligent insurance claims.
  • This research advances the integration of blockchain technology in vehicular networks, paving the way for more reliable smart mobility services.