Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

3.1K
The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
Cell Sorting During Development
Cell sorting plays an...
3.1K
Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

5.0K
Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
5.0K
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

4.4K
The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
4.4K
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

2.2K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.2K
Types of Membrane Protrusions01:28

Types of Membrane Protrusions

3.0K
The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
The microvilli, an example of stable protrusions, are finger-like projections...
3.0K
Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

58.3K
Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
58.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Collapsible scissored surfaces.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Reversible superdeformability of hiPSC epithelial cortinoids.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Rotational 3D printing of active-passive filaments and lattices with programmable shape morphing.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Surface Wakes on Ultrasoft Solids.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Postural control in an upright snake.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·2026
Same author

Noise-enabled goal attainment in crowded collectives.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Characterizing Epithelial Wound Healing In Vivo Using the Cnidarian Model Organism Clytia hemisphaerica
07:47

Characterizing Epithelial Wound Healing In Vivo Using the Cnidarian Model Organism Clytia hemisphaerica

Published on: February 10, 2023

1.8K

Active Nematic Defects and Epithelial Morphogenesis.

Farzan Vafa1,2, L Mahadevan3,4

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study links nematic defects in active curved surfaces to tissue growth and shape. The framework explains cell behavior around defects and models tentacle formation in Hydra.

More Related Videos

Dissecting, Fixing, and Visualizing the Drosophila Pupal Notum
09:07

Dissecting, Fixing, and Visualizing the Drosophila Pupal Notum

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.3K
Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix
08:49

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix

Published on: July 10, 2016

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Characterizing Epithelial Wound Healing In Vivo Using the Cnidarian Model Organism Clytia hemisphaerica
07:47

Characterizing Epithelial Wound Healing In Vivo Using the Cnidarian Model Organism Clytia hemisphaerica

Published on: February 10, 2023

1.8K
Dissecting, Fixing, and Visualizing the Drosophila Pupal Notum
09:07

Dissecting, Fixing, and Visualizing the Drosophila Pupal Notum

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.3K
Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix
08:49

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix

Published on: July 10, 2016

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Physics and Biology
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Nematic defects play a crucial role in the morphogenesis of epithelial tissues.
  • Understanding the dynamics of active curved surfaces driven by nematic textures is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a minimal theoretical framework for studying active curved surface dynamics driven by nematic texture.
  • To link nematic defect dynamics, cellular division rates, and Gaussian curvature.

Main Methods:

  • Developing a theoretical framework for active curved surface dynamics.
  • Analyzing relaxational dynamics of the surface.
  • Comparing theoretical predictions with experimental data from cultured cells and in-vivo observations.

Main Results:

  • A theory is established linking nematic defect dynamics, cellular division rates, and Gaussian curvature.
  • Positive (negative) defects colocalize with regions of positive (negative) curvature and growth.
  • The framework accurately predicts cell accumulation/depletion at defects and tentacle ring formation in Hydra.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework provides a unified explanation for defect-mediated morphogenesis in biological tissues.
  • It successfully models both cellular behavior in epithelial tissues and macroscopic structures like Hydra tentacles.