Electronic Cigarette and Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Latest Evidences

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Toxicology
• Public Health

Background:

• Coronary artery diseases (CAD), or coronary heart disease (CHD), are the leading global cause of mortality.
• Atherosclerosis, characterized by the narrowing of coronary artery lumens, underlies CAD.
• The escalating use of electronic cigarettes necessitates investigation into their potential health impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent studies on the impact of electronic cigarette use on atherosclerosis.
• To explore the role of electronic cigarettes in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent scientific studies.
• Analysis of molecular mechanisms linking electronic cigarette components to atherosclerosis.

Main Results:

• Electronic cigarette constituents (nicotine, propylene glycol, particulate matter, heavy metals, flavorings) were found to induce atherosclerosis.
• Mechanisms include the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation.
• These processes contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

• Chemicals in electronic cigarettes can promote atherosclerosis through various molecular pathways.
• Further research and clinical evidence are required to fully elucidate the exact mechanisms and clinical implications.