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Lethal Neurotoxicity in Lambda-Cyhalothrin Poisoning: A Rare Case Report.

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This study reports the first known fatality from lambda-cyhalothrin (LCH) insecticide poisoning. Accidental LCH exposure in a farmer led to severe neurotoxicity and death, highlighting potential risks of synthetic pyrethroids.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Neuroscience
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Agricultural poisons, including insecticides and pesticides, are leading causes of acute poisoning morbidity and mortality.
  • Synthetic pyrethroids, such as lambda-cyhalothrin (LCH), are widely used insecticides, often considered relatively safer than older compounds.
  • Fatalities following lambda-cyhalothrin exposure have not been previously documented in scientific literature.

Observation:

  • A case of acute poisoning is presented involving a 54-year-old male farmer.
  • The poisoning occurred due to an accidental pipe burst while applying lambda-cyhalothrin (LCH) insecticide in a field.
  • The patient developed severe neurotoxicity, leading to bilateral parieto-occipital and brainstem infarcts.

Findings:

  • The patient succumbed to the effects of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCH) poisoning 10 days post-exposure.
  • Severe neurotoxicity, characterized by specific brain infarcts, was the cause of death.
  • Histopathological brain features associated with LCH poisoning are discussed in this report.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for severe neurotoxicity and fatality even with insecticides considered relatively safe, like lambda-cyhalothrin (LCH).
  • Findings underscore the importance of safety precautions during agricultural chemical application to prevent accidental exposures.
  • Further research into the neurotoxic mechanisms and long-term effects of synthetic pyrethroids is warranted.