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Related Concept Videos

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
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The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
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Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

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Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Amyloidogenic pituitary prolactinoma.

Bakialakshmi Velayutham1, Mukund N Sable1, S Arunkumar2

  • 1Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
|April 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A patient with a large pituitary adenoma causing vision loss and high prolactin levels underwent successful transsphenoidal surgery. Histology revealed amyloid deposits alongside prolactin-producing adenoma cells.

Keywords:
Amyloidcongo redprolactinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Pituitary adenomas can cause significant visual deficits and hormonal imbalances.
  • Sellar and suprasellar masses require accurate diagnosis and surgical management.
  • Amyloid deposition in pituitary adenomas is a rare finding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of a large pituitary adenoma with unusual amyloid deposits.
  • To highlight the diagnostic and surgical challenges associated with such lesions.
  • To describe the clinical presentation and histological findings.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical presentation and neurological examination.
  • Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CEMRI) for lesion characterization.
  • Hormonal analysis to assess pituitary function.
  • Transsphenoidal surgical resection of the pituitary adenoma.
  • Histopathological examination of the resected tumor tissue.

Main Results:

  • A 29-year-old male presented with headache and visual deficit.
  • CEMRI showed a multilobulated sellar/suprasellar lesion.
  • Elevated prolactin levels (12,800 ng/mL) indicated a prolactinoma.
  • Histology confirmed pituitary adenoma with spheroid amyloid deposits adjacent to prolactin-staining cells.
  • Successful transsphenoidal removal of the adenoma.

Conclusions:

  • Large pituitary adenomas, even with atypical histological features like amyloid deposits, can be effectively treated with transsphenoidal surgery.
  • Multidisciplinary evaluation including neuroimaging, hormonal assays, and histopathology is crucial for managing complex pituitary adenomas.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering rare pathological findings in pituitary adenomas.