Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

11.9K
Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
11.9K
Neurotransmitters01:31

Neurotransmitters

1.3K
Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.
1.3K
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

1.7K
The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair...
1.7K
Imprinting01:22

Imprinting

10.1K
Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.
10.1K
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

1.3K
Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
1.3K
Attachment01:20

Attachment

122
Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
122

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Response dynamics in macaque ventral stream recapitulate the visual hierarchy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Metabolic organization of macaque visual cortex reflects retinotopic eccentricity and category selectivity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Mapping macaque to human cortex with natural scene responses.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Brain feature maps reveal progressive animal-feature representations in the ventral stream.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Expansion of a conserved architecture drives the evolution of the primate visual cortex.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Face cells encode object parts more than facial configuration of illusory faces.

Nature communications·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period
06:40

Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period

Published on: April 5, 2024

557

Triggers for mother love.

Margaret S Livingstone1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infant monkeys form strong attachments to soft, inanimate surrogates, prioritizing touch over nourishment. Postpartum female monkeys also develop maternal bonds with tactile infant surrogates, even over other sensory cues.

Keywords:
attachmentbondingmaternal bonding

More Related Videos

Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents
07:30

Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents

Published on: June 10, 2013

24.9K
Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
11:50

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Published on: January 7, 2020

26.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period
06:40

Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period

Published on: April 5, 2024

557
Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents
07:30

Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents

Published on: June 10, 2013

24.9K
Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
11:50

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Published on: January 7, 2020

26.7K

Area of Science:

  • Primate behavior
  • Developmental psychology
  • Neuroscience of attachment

Background:

  • Infant monkeys separated from mothers form attachments to soft, inanimate surrogates.
  • Tactile comfort is crucial for infant attachment, surpassing nutritional value.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate maternal attachment formation in postpartum female monkeys towards inanimate infant surrogates.
  • To determine if tactile stimulation is the primary trigger for maternal attachment.
  • To examine the influence of tactile cues on attachment compared to visual and auditory stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Postpartum female monkeys were presented with inanimate surrogate infants.
  • Attachment formation was assessed based on behavioral responses to tactile properties.
  • The influence of brief tactile exposure was compared against visual and auditory cues.

Main Results:

  • Postpartum female monkeys formed strong and persistent attachments to inanimate surrogate infants.
  • Tactile properties of the surrogate infant were the primary factor in triggering maternal attachment.
  • Early tactile bonding dominated over conflicting visual and auditory information.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal attachment in primates is strongly influenced by tactile stimulation.
  • A tactile template guides the formation of maternal bonds, similar to infant attachment.
  • Attachment can be established rapidly through tactile cues, overriding other sensory inputs.