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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Carboxylation of Grignard Reagents01:13

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Carboxylation of Grignard Reagents

4.8K
Carboxylic acids can be prepared by the carboxylation of Grignard reagents (RMgX). This method is convenient for converting alkyl (primary, secondary or tertiary), vinyl, benzyl, and aryl halides to carboxylic acids with one additional carbon than the starting RMgX.
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Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview01:31

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview

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There are various methods for the preparation of carboxylic acids. For example, oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes using strong oxidizing agents results in a carboxylic acid.  Aldehydes can also be oxidized in the presence of mild oxidizing agents.
2.7K
Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of β-Ketoacids01:02

Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of β-Ketoacids

3.3K
Carboxylic acids, upon heating, undergo a decarboxylation reaction by releasing carbon dioxide gas. Monocarboxylic acids do not undergo decarboxylation easily. However, a silver salt of carboxylic acid reacts with bromine or iodine under high temperature to release carbon dioxide gas and forms halide with one less carbon. This reaction is called the Hunsdiecker reaction.
3.3K
Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism01:13

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism

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Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to yield esters via an acid-catalyzed condensation reaction called Fischer esterification. This is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction that proceeds via a tetrahedral intermediate, where a water molecule is eliminated as the leaving group.
8.2K
Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids01:15

Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids

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Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones results in the formation of carboxylic acids. Aldehydes, bearing hydrogen next to the carbonyl group, are easily oxidized compared to ketones. This is because an aldehydic proton can easily be abstracted during oxidation.
Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation in strong oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate and chromic acid. The oxidation can also be carried out using mild oxidizing agents such as silver oxide. In fact, aldehydes can be easily oxidized...
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Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction01:41

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction

3.2K
Carboxylic acids possess an acidic –COOH functional group. The acidity can be attributed to the resonance stabilization of their conjugate base, wherein the negative charge is delocalized over both oxygen atoms.
3.2K

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Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies
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Is carboxylation an efficient method for graphene oxide functionalization?

Shi Guo1, Jésus Raya2, Dingkun Ji1

  • 1CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS 67000 Strasbourg France.

Nanoscale Advances
|September 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Carboxylation of graphene oxide (GO) requires harsh basic conditions, leading to partial reduction and removal of functionalities. This indicates carboxylation is inefficient for GO functionalization compared to other methods.

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Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Graphene oxide (GO) possesses unique properties, necessitating effective surface functionalization protocols.
  • Existing GO functionalization methods often require mild conditions due to its unstable chemical environment.
  • Carboxylation is a common GO functionalization strategy, but literature methods use harsh conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficiency and impact of carboxylation on graphene oxide (GO) functionalization.
  • To explore the effects of varying sodium hydroxide concentrations during GO carboxylation.
  • To evaluate a double functionalization strategy involving carboxylated GO.

Main Methods:

  • GO carboxylation using chloroacetic acid and varying amounts of sodium hydroxide.
  • Characterization of functionalized GO using multiple analytical techniques.
  • Development and assessment of a double functionalization approach (epoxide ring opening and amidation).

Main Results:

  • Strong basic conditions are essential for GO derivatization via carboxylation.
  • Harsh conditions partially reduce GO and remove surface functionalities.
  • The carboxylation approach proved less efficient for GO functionalization compared to direct epoxide ring opening.

Conclusions:

  • Carboxylation of GO under basic conditions leads to significant reduction and loss of functional groups.
  • The efficiency of GO functionalization is compromised by the harsh conditions required for carboxylation.
  • Alternative functionalization strategies are more effective than carboxylation for GO modification.