Ultra-Broadband and Highly Efficient Beam Splitter Based on Quasi-Continuous Metasurface in the Near-Infrared Region

Beam splitters are vital components in several optical systems. It is highly desirable, and compact beam splitters with ultra-broadband performances, high efficiencies, and large split angles are still being sought. In this paper, we demonstrate and numerically investigate an ultra-broadband and highly efficient optical beam splitter based on a quasi-continuous metasurface. The proposed design is constructed of quasi-continuous triangle-shaped gallium phosphide nanoantennas on a silica substrate. The simple structure can achieve a conversion efficiency and an anomalous transmission intensity above 90% and 0.8 covering the wavelength range of 1537-1826 nm, respectively. The maximum beam split angle in the operating bandwidth reaches 131.84° at the wavelength of 1826 nm. Particularly, the operating bandwidth is still as high as 125 nm with the anomalous transmission intensity above 0.92 and the conversion efficiency exceeding 99%. Moreover, the results show that the performance of the metasurface-based optical beam splitter can be further enhanced by optimizing structural parameters. We also demonstrate the adjustability of the beam splitter by adding refractive index (RI) materials on the surface of the device. The results show that the incident plane wave can be divided into three beams with intensity adjustability. The presented metasurface is very promising in the fields of multiplexers, interferometers, and optical communications, owing to its advantages of ultra-broadband, highly efficient, and large split angle simultaneously.