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Related Concept Videos

Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

341
Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

38.1K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots
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3D Printable Soft Sensory Fiber Networks for Robust and Complex Tactile Sensing.

David Hardman1, Thomas George Thuruthel1, Antonia Georgopoulou2,3

  • 1Bio-Inspired Robotics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK.

Micromachines
|September 23, 2022
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Summary

Researchers developed a 3D-printed soft sensory network for precise contact localization in robotics. This system optimizes sensor design for enhanced robotic tactile sensing capabilities.

Keywords:
3D printingmachine learningsoft robotic sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Materials Science
  • Biomimicry

Background:

  • The human tactile system utilizes multi-functional mechanoreceptors for optimized sensory input.
  • Enhancing soft robotic systems requires advanced multi-modal soft sensory capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a framework for fabricating soft sensory fiber networks for contact localization.
  • To enable automated design and fabrication of optimized sensor morphologies for soft robotics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing pellet-based 3D printing of piezoresistive elastomers to create flexible sensory networks.
  • Employing an information theory-based approach for optimizing sensor network morphology.
  • Applying machine learning algorithms for contact localization based on sensor responses.

Main Results:

  • Printed sensory networks demonstrated precise and repeatable performance, matching simulation results.
  • Achieved good localization accuracy even with network damage and nonlinear material properties.
  • Explored the potential of these networks to function as capacitive sensors.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework offers a method for designing and fabricating optimized soft sensory networks for robotic applications.
  • The 3D-printed networks show promise for advanced tactile sensing, contact localization, and damage detection in soft robots.
  • The system's adaptability and tunable performance highlight its potential for diverse soft robotic implementations.