Advanced Glycation End Products in Health and Disease
V Prakash Reddy1, Puspa Aryal1, Emmanuel K Darkwah1
1Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
Microorganisms
|September 23, 2022
Summary
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute to diseases like diabetes and Alzheimer's by forming harmful crosslinks. Developing AGE inhibitors and breakers offers potential new treatments for these AGE-mediated pathologies.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Pathology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) form via nonenzymatic reactions and oxidative stress.
- AGEs are implicated in diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI).
- AGEs crosslink proteins, deactivate enzymes, and interact with receptors for AGEs (RAGE), triggering inflammation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the role of AGEs in disease pathogenesis.
- To investigate the therapeutic potential of AGE inhibitors and breakers.
- To examine the influence of AGEs on gut microbiota and their potential as AGE-breakers.
Main Methods:
- Literature review on AGE formation, disease association, and therapeutic strategies.
- Analysis of AGEs' role in neurodegenerative diseases and gut microbiota.
- Exploration of AGE inhibitor and breaker compounds and gut-microbiota-derived enzymes.
Main Results:
- AGEs contribute to various diseases by crosslinking proteins and activating inflammatory pathways via RAGE.
- Maillard reactions occur in gut bacteria, with AGEs affecting microbiota composition and promoting inflammation.
- AGE inhibitors extend bacterial lifespan, suggesting a role for gut microbiota in AGE metabolism.
Conclusions:
- AGEs play a significant role in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases.
- Targeting AGEs with inhibitors or breakers presents a promising therapeutic avenue.
- Gut microbiota and their enzymes may offer novel strategies for AGE-related disease treatment.
Keywords:
AGE breakersAGE inhibitorsAlzheimer’s diseaseMaillard reactionadvanced glycation end productsaminoguanidinediabetespolyphenolsreceptors for AGEstraumatic brain injuryMore Related Videos
05:08Plate-based Large-scale Cultivation of Caenorhabditis elegans: Sample Preparation for the Study of Metabolic Alterations in Diabetes
Published on: August 24, 2018
6.4K
06:26Analyzing the Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Microbial Traversal through Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Published on: February 14, 2020
16.0K
Related Concept Videos
01:05Proteoglycans
4.0K
Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
4.0K
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
662
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
662
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
2.7K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.7K
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
1.1K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
1.1K
01:30Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction
25
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
25
01:30Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
47
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
47