Mate Sampling Behavior Determines the Density Dependence of Sexual Selection.

Area of Science:

• Evolutionary Biology
• Behavioral Ecology

Background:

• Theory predicts increased population density amplifies sexual selection.
• Empirical evidence for this prediction is inconsistent.
• Existing models often assume automatic increases in mate sampling with density.

Purpose of the Study:

• To reconcile theory and empirical data on density-dependent sexual selection.
• To develop an updated theoretical framework incorporating adaptive mate sampling strategies.
• To investigate how density influences sexual selection through individual mate choice strategies.

Main Methods:

• Developed theoretical models of density-dependent mate sampling.
• Incorporated adaptive strategies in response to sampling costs.
• Utilized simulations to analyze changes in sexual selection with population density.

Main Results:

• Adaptive shifts in mate sampling strategies can lead to strong density dependence in sexual selection.
• Plasticity in sampling over time (e.g., seasonal changes) results in weaker density dependence.
• The ecological context of mate sampling evolution is crucial for density effects.

Conclusions:

• Sexual selection's response to population density is contingent on the evolution of mate sampling strategies.
• Individual-level plasticity in mate sampling influences the strength of density-dependent sexual selection.
• Future research should consider adaptive strategies in the ecological context of mate choice.