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Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
Published on: April 11, 2025
Interpretation of Typical and Atypical Atrial Flutters by Precision Electrocardiology Based on Intracardiac Recording
Fabio M Leonelli1, Roberto De Ponti2, Giuseppe Bagliani3
1Cardiology Department, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, University of South Florida, 13000 Bruce B Down Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; University of South Florida FL 4202 E Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
Abstract:
Atrial flutter is a term encompassing multiple clinical entities. Clinical manifestations of these arrhythmias range from typical isthmus-dependent flutter to post-ablation microreentries. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool in typical flutter, but it is often unable to clearly localize atrial flutters maintained by more complex reentrant circuits. Electrophysiology study and mapping are able to characterize in fine details all the components of the circuit and determine their electrophysiological properties. Combining these 2 techniques can greatly help in understanding the vectors determining the ECG morphology of the flutter waveforms, increasing the diagnostic usefulness of this tool.
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