The independence of phrasal creak and segmental glottalization in American English

This study compared fundamental frequency (F0), H1^*-H2^*, H1^*-A1^*, and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) measures during intervals of three types of segmental glottalization and intervals of prosodic, phrasal creak. Results show that phrasal creak differs from all segmental glottalization types with lower F0 and H1^*-H2^* and higher HNR. /t/ glottalization before syllabic nasals has lower H1^*-A1^* than all other creaky phonation types, indicating concurrent pre-nasalization of segments preceding nasals, and coda /t/ glottalization has lower HNR than vowel-initial glottalization. A positive relationship between rates of segmental glottalization and phrasal creak suggests that speakers do not avoid their co-occurrence despite potential perceptual confusability.