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Updated: Aug 27, 2025

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A ±0.5dB, 6nW RSSI Circuit with RF Power-to-Digital Conversion Technique for Ultra-low Power IoT Radio Applications.

Ankit Mittal1, Nikita Mirchandani1, Giuseppe Michetti1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115 USA.

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems. I, Regular Papers : a Publication of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society
|September 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an ultra-low power radio frequency (RF) signal strength detection circuit for Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks. The novel Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) circuit achieves high accuracy and efficiency for various IoT applications.

Keywords:
Received signal strength indicator (RSSI)hardware securityinternet of things (IoT)radio frequency (RF)wireless networks

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computer Engineering
  • Microelectronics

Background:

  • Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks require efficient signal strength monitoring.
  • Existing Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) circuits often face limitations in power consumption and accuracy.
  • Accurate RF signal detection is crucial for IoT functionalities like localization and security.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel ultra-low power RSSI circuit for IoT applications.
  • To demonstrate a direct conversion technique for RF to digital signal strength indication.
  • To achieve high accuracy and wide bandwidth in an energy-efficient manner.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an RSSI circuit utilizing direct conversion of RF to digital code.
  • Employed repeated switching of a rectifier's output voltage with an ultra-low power comparator.
  • Integrated a 5-bit programmable feedback circuit for error correction.
  • Implemented the circuit using a 65-nm CMOS process.

Main Results:

  • Achieved ultra-low power consumption of 6nW.
  • Demonstrated a linear dynamic range of 26dB.
  • Exhibited high accuracy with an error of ±0.5dB.
  • Attained a wide operational bandwidth of 750MHz.
  • Verified performance through simulation and measurement.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed RSSI circuit offers a highly accurate and energy-efficient solution for RF signal strength detection.
  • Its performance characteristics make it ideal for various low-power IoT applications, including localization and hardware security.
  • This advancement contributes to the development of more capable and sustainable IoT ecosystems.