Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

64.9K
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
64.9K
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

409
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
409
Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

45.0K
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
45.0K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

59.4K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
59.4K
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

641
Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
641
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

196.3K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
196.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Physical models of embryonic epithelial healing.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same author

Active nematic pumps.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Roadmap for animate matter.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2025
Same author

Evidence of universal conformal invariance in living biological matter.

Nature physics·2025
Same author

Solute dispersion in pre-turbulent confined active nematics.

Soft matter·2025
Same author

Flowing Liquid Crystal Torons Around Obstacles.

Micromachines·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics
08:37

Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics

Published on: January 13, 2023

2.8K

Dispersion of activity at an active-passive nematic interface.

Rodrigo C V Coelho1,2, Nuno A M Araújo1,2, Margarida M Telo da Gama1,2

  • 1Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. rcvcoelho@fc.ul.pt.

Soft Matter
|September 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Nutrient mixing in bacterial swarms (active nematics) is complex due to coupled nutrient concentration and velocity fields. A barrier of negative defects at interfaces hinders nutrient dispersion, impacting bacterial colony survival.

More Related Videos

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
06:24

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

Published on: October 31, 2019

6.5K
Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics
08:37

Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics

Published on: January 13, 2023

2.8K
High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
06:24

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

Published on: October 31, 2019

6.5K
Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Biophysics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Efficient nutrient mixing is vital for bacterial colony survival.
  • Nutrient concentration and velocity fields are coupled in active nematics.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model nutrient mixing dynamics in bacterial swarms.
  • To investigate the coupling between nutrient concentration and velocity fields.
  • To analyze the impact of active nematics on nutrient dispersion.

Main Methods:

  • Solving hydrodynamic equations for active nematics.
  • Coupling these with an advection-diffusion equation for the activity field.
  • Analyzing the role of interfacial flows and active stresses.

Main Results:

  • The activity field is transported by interfacial flows and modifies them.
  • A barrier of negative defects forms at the active-passive interface.
  • This barrier causes subdiffusive dispersion of the conserved activity field.

Conclusions:

  • The formation of negative defect barriers significantly impacts nutrient transport.
  • Subdiffusive dispersion hinders the propagation of motile defects.
  • This study provides insights into nutrient mixing limitations in active nematic systems.