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Updated: Aug 27, 2025

The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task: A Task of Attention and Impulse Control for Rodents

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Published on: August 10, 2014

Inspiratory threshold loading negatively impacts attentional performance.

Eli F Kelley¹, Troy J Cross², Bruce D Johnson³

¹Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), 711HPW/RHBFP, WPAFB, Dayton, OH, United States.

Frontiers in Psychology

|October 3, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pilot respiratory effort sensation, not the physical load, impairs attention. Increased perceived breathing effort in pilots leads to slower reaction times, suggesting interventions should focus on subjective sensation to improve flight safety.

Keywords:

attentional performance cognitive performance pilot health reaction time work of breathing

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Area of Science:

Aerospace Medicine
Human Factors Engineering
Respiratory Physiology

Background:

Adverse physiologic events in high-performance aircraft pilots are a growing concern.
Life support systems may increase pilot inspiratory work of breathing, potentially causing distraction.
This study investigates the impact of increased inspiratory muscle effort on pilot attentional performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if increased inspiratory muscle effort negatively affects attentional performance in pilots.
To investigate the relationship between respiratory muscle effort sensation and cognitive function.

Main Methods:

Twelve healthy participants performed a cognitive task (MCCPT) under varying inspiratory threshold loads.
Respiratory muscle effort sensation and reaction times (RTs) were measured.
Statistical analyses (ANOVAs, GAMMs) examined the effects of loading, effort sensation, and hypercapnia on performance.

Main Results:

Inspiratory threshold loading significantly increased inspiratory effort sensation and pressure-time product (PTP).
Median reaction time was positively associated with inspiratory effort sensation.
Subjective perception of inspiratory load, not PTP alone, correlated with impaired attentional performance.

Conclusions:

Pilot attentional performance is negatively impacted by the subjective sensation of inspiratory effort.
Reducing the perceived inspiratory effort, independent of mechanical output, may decrease pilot reaction times.
Minimizing inspiratory effort sensation could enhance pilot performance in complex flight tasks.