Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

8.5K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
8.5K
ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

5.0K
The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
5.0K
ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

3.8K
V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
3.8K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

2.7K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
2.7K
Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

2.7K
Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
2.7K
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

3.2K
Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Temperature-Sensitive Carbon Capture in MOFs for Energy-Efficient Flue Gas and Biogas Purification.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

A Deep-Red Emissive Cage-in-Rings Complex for Lysosome Imaging.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Upcycling Polystyrene into Hydrophobic-Shielded Adsorbents for Efficient Direct Air Capture.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Biomolecular Machines as Active Matter: Kinetic Asymmetry and Nonequilibrium Function.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Emergent Nonlinearity in Active Molecular Chemotaxis.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Creating Compartmentalized Pockets for Length-Tunable Short Peptide Growth.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.0K

Polyrotaxanes and the pump paradigm.

James S W Seale1, Yuanning Feng1, Liang Feng1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA. liang.feng@northwestern.edu.

Chemical Society Reviews
|October 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular pumps enable precise synthesis of polyrotaxanes, overcoming previous limitations. These advanced materials offer unique properties for diverse applications in electronics, energy, and medicine.

More Related Videos

The Mechanics of Poro-Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton
08:50

The Mechanics of Poro-Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton

Published on: March 10, 2023

844
Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.0K
The Mechanics of Poro-Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton
08:50

The Mechanics of Poro-Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton

Published on: March 10, 2023

844
Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polyrotaxanes, featuring threaded molecular rings on polymer chains, have been studied for 30 years.
  • Traditional synthesis relied on inherent ring-polymer affinity, limiting accessible structures.
  • Recent advancements have expanded the scope of polyrotaxane synthesis and applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key milestones in polyrotaxane synthesis and characterization.
  • To highlight recent breakthroughs in molecular pump technology for polyrotaxane formation.
  • To discuss the diverse applications of polyrotaxanes driven by their unique topologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on polyrotaxane synthesis and applications.
  • Focus on the development and mechanism of oligorotaxane-forming molecular pumps.
  • Analysis of structure-property relationships in polyrotaxanes.

Main Results:

  • Molecular pumps allow active recruitment of rings onto polymers with low affinity, enabling precise polyrotaxane synthesis.
  • This breakthrough overcomes limitations of traditional methods, expanding the library of accessible polyrotaxanes.
  • Polyrotaxanes demonstrate superior performance in applications like slide-ring gels, coatings, battery binders, and drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular pumps represent a significant advancement in synthesizing mechanically interlocked materials.
  • Precise polyrotaxanes synthesized via molecular pumps hold promise for energy storage and nanomedicine.
  • The unique properties of polyrotaxanes continue to drive innovation across materials, electronic, and biological sciences.