Laser-written vapor cells for chip-scale atomic sensing and spectroscopy

Area of Science:

• Atomic physics
• Laser machining
• Quantum sensing

Background:

• Alkali-metal vapor cells are crucial for atomic physics applications.
• Current fabrication methods limit cell geometry and integration.
• Need for advanced vapor cells for miniaturized sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report the fabrication of alkali-metal vapor cells using femtosecond laser machining.
• To demonstrate the capability for arbitrary 3D interior volumes.
• To showcase potential for integration with photonic structures.

Main Methods:

• Femtosecond laser machining for cell fabrication.
• Use of non-evaporable getters for rubidium dispensing and buffer gas absorption.
• Sub-atmospheric buffer gas pressure achieved without vacuum apparatus.

Main Results:

• Fabrication of laser-written vapor cells (LWVCs) with arbitrary 3D interior volumes.
• Demonstration of sub-Doppler saturated absorption spectroscopy using LWVCs.
• Demonstration of single-beam optical magnetometry using LWVCs.

Conclusions:

• LWVC technology enables versatile 3D cell fabrication.
• LWVCs can be produced without vacuum apparatus.
• LWVCs show promise for miniaturized atomic quantum sensors and frequency references.