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Generation of Stokes singularities using polarization lateral shear interferometer.

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    This study introduces a polarization lateral shear interferometer that generates polarization fringes from phase gradients. The novel interferometer successfully creates all Stokes singularities in a single beam, forming a vortex dipole.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Scalar lateral shear interferometers are established tools in optics.
    • Vectorial counterparts are needed for advanced wavefront analysis.
    • Polarization-based interferometry offers new possibilities for phase gradient measurement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and demonstrate a polarization lateral shear interferometer.
    • To investigate the generation of polarization fringes from phase gradients.
    • To explore the creation of Stokes singularities using this interferometer.

    Main Methods:

    • Employing a polarization lateral shear interferometer with orthogonally polarized interfering beams.
    • Launching a phase singular beam into the interferometer.
    • Analyzing the resulting shearogram for polarization fringes and singularities.

    Main Results:

    • The interferometer produces polarization fringes instead of intensity fringes when encountering spatially varying phase gradients.
    • The shearogram exhibits inhomogeneous polarization.
    • All Stokes singularities, including a vortex dipole, were generated in a single beam.

    Conclusions:

    • The polarization lateral shear interferometer is a viable tool for analyzing wavefronts with phase gradients.
    • This technique enables the generation of complex polarization structures, including Stokes singularities.
    • The interferometer shows potential for applications in metrology and fundamental optics research.