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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Physics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cancer cell behavior is complex and dynamic.
  • Understanding collective cell dynamics is crucial for cancer research.
  • Percolation theory provides a framework for studying transitions in disordered systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate and investigate the structural and slowing-down percolating transitions in densifying cancer cell monolayers.
  • To analyze the impact of these transitions on collective cell dynamics.
  • To explore the relationship between cell density, aggregation, and motion.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of cancer cell monolayers at varying densities.
  • Analysis of structural and dynamical properties, including cell clustering and motion.
  • Application of percolation theory to characterize transition behaviors.
  • Measurement of velocity power spectra to assess dynamical changes.

Main Results:

  • Cells aggregate into clusters at low densities.
  • Structural percolation (large cluster formation) precedes dynamical percolation (slow cell cluster formation).
  • Both transitions exhibit scale-free behaviors characteristic of 2D nonequilibrium systems.
  • Structural percolation slows cell motion, suppressing high-frequency modes.
  • Slowing-down percolation further enhances dynamical slowing and suppresses heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer cell monolayer densification involves distinct structural and dynamical percolation transitions.
  • These transitions significantly alter collective cell dynamics, leading to slower motion and reduced heterogeneity.
  • The findings align with percolation theory and offer insights into cell crowding effects.