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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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New polyacetylenes from Bidens procera.

Jinli Tian1, Shaohua Yu2, Lu Wang1

  • 1College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P.R. China.

Natural Product Research
|October 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Two new polyacetylene compounds were identified in Bidens procera, alongside ten known compounds. This phytochemical study enhances understanding of the plant

Keywords:
Compositaechemotaxonomic significanceglycosidesphytochemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Bidens procera is a plant species with potential medicinal properties.
  • Polyacetylenes are a class of natural compounds known for diverse biological activities.
  • Previous phytochemical studies on Bidens species have revealed various bioactive compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize novel and known compounds from Bidens procera.
  • To elucidate the chemical structures of isolated compounds using spectroscopic methods.
  • To discuss the chemotaxonomic significance of the identified compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Phytochemical investigation involving extraction and isolation techniques.
  • Structure elucidation using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS).
  • Comparison of spectral data with published literature for identification of known compounds.

Main Results:

  • Two novel polyacetylenes, tridecane-2E-monoene-4,6,8-triyntylen-1,13-diol-12-O-β-glucoside (1) and tetradecane-2E,8E-diene-4,6-diyne-1,14-diol-13-O-β-glucoside (2), were isolated.
  • Ten known compounds (3-12) were also identified from the plant extract.
  • The chemical structures of all isolated compounds were confirmed through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified novel polyacetylenes from Bidens procera, expanding the knowledge of its chemical constituents.
  • The findings contribute to the chemotaxonomic understanding of the Bidens genus.
  • The isolated compounds may serve as leads for future pharmacological investigations.