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Related Concept Videos

Natural and Artificial Concepts01:24

Natural and Artificial Concepts

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In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural concepts are formed through direct or indirect experiences. For example, consider the concept of snow. If you live in a place with regular snowfall, such as Essex Junction, Vermont, you know snow through direct experiences. You’ve seen it fall, touched it, shoveled it, and played in it. You recognize its texture, appearance, and even its smell. In contrast, if you live on an island like Saint...
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Concepts and Prototypes01:24

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The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Concrete01:20

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Concrete is a vital construction material extensively used worldwide, primarily valued for its strength, durability, and versatility, which it provides for various structural designs. Concrete generally comprises ingredients like Portland cement, coarse gravel, fine sand, and water. Concrete can be mixed by simple hand methods or industrially at computer-controlled plants. The mixture consists of aggregates and a paste made from water and Portland cement. This paste coats the aggregates and,...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Abstract and concrete concepts in conversation.

Caterina Villani1, Matteo Orsoni2, Luisa Lugli3

  • 1Department of Philosophy and Communication, University of Bologna, Via Azzo Gardino, 23, 40122, Bologna, Italy. caterina.villani6@unibo.it.

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This study reveals how different concepts, like food or philosophical ideas, are processed and discussed. Abstract concepts lead to more uncertainty and interaction than concrete ones in conversations.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Traditional concept research often uses single, decontextualized words, contrasting concrete and abstract types.
  • Investigating concepts during online interaction offers a novel perspective on their use and representation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze differences between sub-kinds of concepts during simulated conversational exchanges.
  • To explore how concrete (tools, animals, food) and abstract (philosophical-spiritual, emotional-social, physical-spatio-temporal-quantitative) concepts are represented and interact.

Main Methods:

  • Participants engaged in an online task simulating conversational exchanges.
  • Linguistic exchanges were analyzed based on concept type (concrete vs. abstract sub-kinds).

Main Results:

  • Concrete concepts (food, tools, animals) elicited sensorimotor features (interoception, materials, spatial, auditory).
  • Abstract concepts (philosophical-spiritual, emotional-social) evoked inner experiences, while physical-spatio-temporal-quantitative concepts related to visual properties.
  • More abstract concepts generated greater uncertainty and more interactive exchanges compared to concrete concepts.

Conclusions:

  • Conceptual knowledge is dynamic and context-dependent, influenced by pragmatic and social factors.
  • Studying concepts in situated interactions provides deeper insights into their real-world application and cognitive underpinnings.