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Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Correction: Komatsu et al. Three-Dimensional Visualization and Detection of the Pulmonary Venous-Left Atrium Connection Using Artificial Intelligence in Fetal Cardiac Ultrasound Screening. <i>Bioengineering</i> 2026, <i>13</i>, 100.

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Engineering Spatiotemporal Control in Vascularized Tissues.

Astha Khanna1, Beu P Oropeza2,3,4, Ngan F Huang2,3,4,5

  • 1Graver Technologies, Newark, NJ 07105, USA.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineering functional vascular networks in 3D tissues is crucial for oxygen and nutrient delivery. Spatiotemporal control of angiogenic signals using biomaterials and 3D bioprinting advances vascularized tissue engineering for clinical applications.

Keywords:
3d bioprintingbiomaterialscardiac engineeringextracellular matrixtissue engineeringvascularization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Developing functional microvascular networks is essential for engineered 3D tissues to ensure adequate oxygen and nutrient perfusion.
  • Current strategies involve vascular cells, soluble factors, and instructive biomaterials to promote angiogenesis.
  • Spatiotemporal control of angiogenic signals, through physical and chemical cues, is key to generating functional vascular beds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in the spatiotemporal control of vascularization in engineered tissues.
  • To highlight fabrication strategies for creating complex vascular networks.
  • To focus on vascularized cardiac patches for myocardial repair and discuss clinical translation challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies employing coordinated orchestration of angiogenic factors and vascular cell differentiation.
  • Analysis of microfabrication techniques for complex vascular networks.
  • Examination of strategies including growth factor incorporation, topographical engineering, and 3D bioprinting.

Main Results:

  • Spatiotemporal control of angiogenic signals can successfully generate vascular networks in large and dense engineered tissues.
  • Fabrication strategies like growth factor encapsulation and 3D bioprinting enable precise control over vascularization.
  • Focus on vascularized cardiac patches demonstrates potential for clinical scalability in myocardial repair.

Conclusions:

  • Coordinated control of biological and fabrication approaches is vital for vascularizing engineered tissues.
  • 3D bioprinting and advanced biomaterials offer promising routes for precise vascular network construction.
  • Overcoming challenges in clinical translation is necessary for the widespread application of engineered vascularized tissues.